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Objective@#To investigate the progression of depressive and anxiety symptoms of children, especially whose parents were frontline workers in the combat of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to provide evidence for children s mental health promotion.@*Methods@#In June and December 2020, two surveys were conducted among the children in a primary school in Qiaokou District, Wuhan. The questionnaire included demographic information, student learning conditions, and depressive/anxiety symptoms.@*Results@#A total of 963 children completed both surveys. The detection rate of depressive and anxiety symptoms at follow up was significantly higher than that at the baseline survey (depressive symptoms: OR=1.45, 95%CI =1.16-1.83; anxiety symptoms: OR=1.79, 95%CI =1.41-2.28, P <0.01). There was no statistically significant change in depressive/anxiety symptoms among children whose parents were frontline workers compared with those whose parents were not( P >0.05). Girls, lower learning efficiency, and less interaction with teachers in class were risk factors for depressive or anxiety symptoms of children( P < 0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#Mental health status of children requires continuous attention. Moreover, timely psychological protection should be given to prevent the occurrence of psychological problems and the further deterioration of psychological problems.
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Abstract@#Children were vulnerable groups in major public health emergencies. In 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was widespread in the world. The mental health of school age children has become a worldwide concern. Herein, we conducted this review to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of general children and special children with a high risk of psychological problems, focusing on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post traumatic stress disorder among school age children in different countries and regions during the COVID-19 epidemic. Considering the susceptibility between individuals and the accessibility of social resources, we further explored the child, family, and social related factors affecting the mental health of school age children. Finally, some suggestions on the construction of children s mental health service system in major public health emergencies were put forward at the national, school family community, and individual levels. Building a safe and reliable child mental health protection network required the joint efforts of all sectors of society.
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Soil-transmitted nematodiasis was once widely prevalent in Jiangsu Province, which seriously threatened human health and hindered socioeconomic development. The control efforts over decades resulted in a remarkable decline in the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode human infections in Jiangsu Province, with a reduction from 59.32% in 1989 to 0.12% in 2019, and the human prevalence remains at < 0.5% since 2013. Since 1987, an integrated strategy has been adopted for the control of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in Jiangsu Province; however, the core interventions varies at different stages, which mainly include deworming, water and sanitation service improvement, health education, and monitoring and assessment. The criteria of effective soil-transmitted nematodiasis control had been achieved in all epidemic counties (districts) of Jiangsu Province by 2019. Further actions to strengthen health education and monitoring and implement precision control measures are required to consolidate the achievements of soil-transmitted nematodiasis control and eliminate the harm of soil-transmitted nematodiasis to humans. This review summarizes the epidemiology, control progress and evolution of control strategy of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in Jiangsu Province.
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Objective To establish a recombinase-aided isothermal amplification (RAA) assay for the nucleic acid detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Methods The internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS1) gene sequence of A. cantonensis was used as the detection target sequence, and the specific primers and probes were designed and synthesized, followed by screening of the primers and probes with the highest specificity, to establish the basic and fluorescent RAA assay for nucleic acid detection of A. cantonensis. The sensitivity of the fluorescent RAA assay was evaluated by using the target gene fragment sequence-contained recombinant plasmids at various copy numbers and the genomic DNA from A. cantonensis as the template DNA samples, and the specificity of the fluorescent RAA assay was evaluated by using the genomic DNA from A. cantonensis, Schistosoma mansoni, Ascaris lumbricoides, Clonorchis sinensis, Echinococcus granulosus and Ancylostoma duodenale, as well as Pomacea canaliculata and Biomphalaria straminea snail tissues as the template DNA samples. Results A fluorescent RAA assay was successfully established for nucleic acid detection of A. cantonensis, which achieved real-time amplification of the specific DNA fragment of A. cantonensis within 20 min at 37 ℃. By using the target gene fragment sequence-contained recombinant plasmids at various copy numbers and the genomic DNA from A. cantonensis as the DNA templates, the lowest detection limits of the fluorescent RAA assay were 10 copies/μL of recombinant plasmids and 100 pg/μL of genomic DNA, respectively. The fluorescent RAA assay was negative for detection of the genomic DNA from A. cantonensis, S. mansoni, A. lumbricoides, C. sinensis, E. granulosus, A. duodenale, and P. canaliculata and B. straminea snail tissues. Conclusions A simple, rapid fluorescent RAA assay has been successfully established, which has a high sensitivity and specificity for the nucleic acid detection of A. cantonensis.
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Objective To establish a novel nucleic acid assay for detection of Giardia lamblia based on the recombinase-aided isothermal amplification (RAA) assay, and evaluate its sensitivity and specificity for detection of G. lamblia. Methods The specific primer sequences and florescent probes were designed and synthesized based on the G. lamblia β-giardin gene as the target gene, and a fluorescent RAA assay was established. The recombinant plasmids at various copies (containing the β-giardin gene target sequence) and the genomic DNA of G. lamblia at various concentrations were used as templates for the fluorescent RAA assay to assess the sensitivity, and the genomic DNA from G. lamblia, Schistosoma japonicum, Clonorchis sinensis, Cryptosporidium parvum, Ascaris lumbricoides, Salmonella and Shigella was used as templates to assess the specificity of the fluorescent RAA assay. Results A novel fluorescent RAA assay was successfully established for detection of G. lamblia, which allowed the rapid and specific amplification of the target gene fragments at 39 ℃ within 20 min. The sensitivities of the fluorescent RAA assay were 102 copies/μL and 1 pg/μL for detection of the recombinant plasmid and G. lamblia genomic DNA, respectively, and the fluorescent RAA assay was negative for detection of the genomic DNA from S. japonicum, C. sinensis, C. parvum, A. lumbricoides, Salmonella and Shigella, which showed a high specificity. Conclusions A fluorescent RAA assay, which is simple, sensitive and specific, is successfully established for nucleic acid detection of G. lamblia.
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Objective To establish a nucleic acid assay for detection of Echinococcus granulosus based on recombinase-aided isothermal amplification (RAA) assay. Methods The 12S rRNA gene of E. granulosus was selected as the target gene, and the specific primers and fluorescent probes for RAA assay were designed, screened and synthesized to establish a fluorescent RAA assay for detection of E. granulosus. The sensitivity of the fluorescent RAA assay was evaluated using different copy numbers of target gene sequence-contained recombinant plasmids and various concentrations of E. granulosus genomic DNA as templates, and the specificity of the fluorescent RAA assay was evaluated using the genomic DNA from E. granulosus, E. multilocularis, Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni, Ancylostoma duodenale, Clonorchis sinensis, Taenia saginata, Spirometra mansoni and Taenia solium as templates. Results A fluorescent RAA assay was successfully established for detection of E. granulosus, which achieved specific amplification of E. granulosus genomic DNA within 20 min at 39 ℃. The lowest detection limit of the fluorescent RAA assay was 10 copies/μL of recombinant plasmids and 0.1 ng/μL E. granulosus genomic DNA, which exhibited a high sensitivity, and the fluorescent RAA assay was all negative for the genomic DNA from E. multilocularis, S. japonicum, S. mansoni, A. duodenale, C. sinensis, T. saginata, Spirometra mansoni and T. solium, which exhibited a high specificity. In addition, this fluorescent RAA assay successfully detected genomic DNA from E. granulosus cysts. Conclusions A rapid, sensitive and specific fluorescent RAA assay is successfully established for nucleic acid detection of E. granulosus.
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Objective To investigate the risk of Anisakis infections among high-risk populations along the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province, so as to develop the strategy for the prevention and control of anisakiasis in the province. Methods Three counties along the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province were selected as the study sites in 2018, including Rudong County in Nantong City, Haizhou District in Lianyungang City and Dongtai City in Yancheng City. The knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of anisakiasis prevention and control, and the prevalence of serum specific IgG antibody against Anisakis were investigated among high-risk populations among these three study sites, including fishermen, fish seller and people who liked eating fresh and live marine fish. Factors affecting the prevalence of the specific IgG antibody against Anisakis were identified using a multiple logistic regression model. In addition, Anisakis larvae infections were detected in fresh and live marine fish samples collected from local markets, and the prevalence and intensity of Anisakis infections were estimated. Results A total of 625 high-risk populations were investigated, including 349 men (55.8%). Only 13.0% of the subjects heard about anisakiasis, and a low awareness rate of anisakiasis prevention and control knowledge was seen among these three types of high-risk populations. There were 21.6% of the subjects eating raw or half-cooked marine fish, 5.8% eating undercooked marine fish, 3.2% presenting vomiting, nausea and diarrhea after eating marine fish, 5.1% developing systemic allergic symptoms, and 65.6% using the same chopping board for raw and cooked food. The sero-prevalence of the anti-Anisakis IgG antibody was 7.0% among the study subjects. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified education level [OR = 0.687, 95% CI (0.478, 0.987)] and development of systemic allergic symptoms [OR = 4.641, 95% CI(1.411, 15.268)]as factors affecting the positive anti-Anisakis IgG antibody among the study subjects. Among 494 fresh and live marine fish detected, the prevalence and intensity of Anisakis larvae infection was 64.0% and 8.1 larvae per fish, with high prevalence seen in Trichiurus haumela and Pneumatophorus japonicas. Conclusions The awareness of anisakiasis prevention and control knowledge is low among the high-risk populations living along the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province, and there are high-risk behaviors, such as eating raw or half-cooked food, using the same chopping board for raw and cooked food. In addition, the prevalence of Anisakis infections is high in the marine fish in these areas. Therefore, the health education and health promotion for anisakiasis prevention and control should be intensified.
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Objective To establish a recombinase aided isothermal amplification (RAA) assay for detection of Clonorchis sinensis. Methods The 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) sequence of C. sinensis was used as the target sequence, and specific primers and probes were designed, synthesized and screened to establish a rapid fluorescent RAA assay for the detection of C. sinensis. Then, the sensitivity of the fluorescent RAA assay was evaluated using the recombinant plasmids containing various copy numbers of DNA fragments and C. sinensis genomic DNA at various concentrations, and the specificity of the fluorescent RAA as say was evaluated using the genomic DNA of Ascaris lumbricoides, Echinococcus granulosus, Schistosoma japonicum, Ancylostoma duodenale and S. mansoni as templates. DNA samples were extracted from the feces containing C. sinensis eggs and freshwater fish containing metacercaria for the fluorescent RAA assay, and the performance for detection of C. sinensis-infected samples was preliminarily assessed in the field. Results A fluorescent RAA assay for detection of C. sinensis was successfully established, which was feasible for specific amplification of C. sinensis genomic DNA at 39 °C within 20 min. The lowest detection limit was 10 copies/μL if the recombinant plasmid containing various copy numbers of DNA fragments was used as a template, and the lowest detection limit was 3 pg/μL if the C. sinensis genomic DNA at various concentrations served as a template. All detections were negative if the genomic DNA of A. lumbricoides, E. granulosus, S. japonicum, A. duodenale, and S. mansoni was used as templates. In addition, the fluorescent RAA assay showed a high performance for the detection of C. sinensis-infected samples in the field, which successfully detected C. sinensis-infected human and rat fecal samples and Pseudorasbora parva samples. Conclusion A fluorescent RAA assay is successfully established, which is simple, rapid, sensitivity and specific for detection of C. sinensis.
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Objective To establish a recombinase-aided isothermal amplification (RAA) assay for detection of Cryptosporidium. Methods Based on Cryptosporidium-specific 18S rRNA selected as the target gene to be detected, and the primer sequences and fluorescent probes designed using the software Amplfix, and a fluorescent RAA assay was established and optimized. The fluorescent RAA assay was performed to detect 18S RNA target sequence-contained recombinant plasmids at various copies, genomic DNA of Cryptosporidium oocysts at various concentrations, and genomic DNA extracted from various numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts to assess the sensitivity of the assay, and to detect genomic DNA extracted from Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia lamblia cysts, Schistosoma japonicum eggs, Ascaris lumbricoides eggs, Clonorchis sinensis eggs, Salmonella and Shigella to determine the specificity of the assay. Results A fluorescent RAA assay was successfully established, which was effective to amplify the specific 18S RNA gene fragments of Cryptosporidium within 20 min at 39 ℃. The lowest limits of the fluorescent RAA assay were 102 copies/μL for detection of 18S RNA target sequence-contained recombinant plasmids at various copies, 1 pg/μL for detection of genomic DNA of Cryptosporidium oocysts at various concentrations, and one Cryptosporidium oocyst/μL for detection of genomic DNA extracted from various numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts, and the fluorescent RAA assay was all negative for detection of genomic DNA from G. lamblia cysts, S. japonicum eggs, A. lumbricoides eggs, C. sinensis eggs, Salmonella and Shigella. Conclusion A novel fluorescent RAA assay is successfully established, which is simple, rapid, sensitive and specific to detect genomic DNA of Cryptosporidium oocysts.
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Objective To establish a recombinase aided isothermal amplification (RAA) assay for detection of Clonorchis sinensis. Methods The 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) sequence of C. sinensis was used as the target sequence, and specific primers and probes were designed, synthesized and screened to establish a rapid fluorescent RAA assay for the detection of C. sinensis. Then, the sensitivity of the fluorescent RAA assay was evaluated using the recombinant plasmids containing various copy numbers of DNA fragments and C. sinensis genomic DNA at various concentrations, and the specificity of the fluorescent RAA as say was evaluated using the genomic DNA of Ascaris lumbricoides, Echinococcus granulosus, Schistosoma japonicum, Ancylostoma duodenale and S. mansoni as templates. DNA samples were extracted from the feces containing C. sinensis eggs and freshwater fish containing metacercaria for the fluorescent RAA assay, and the performance for detection of C. sinensis-infected samples was preliminarily assessed in the field. Results A fluorescent RAA assay for detection of C. sinensis was successfully established, which was feasible for specific amplification of C. sinensis genomic DNA at 39 °C within 20 min. The lowest detection limit was 10 copies/μL if the recombinant plasmid containing various copy numbers of DNA fragments was used as a template, and the lowest detection limit was 3 pg/μL if the C. sinensis genomic DNA at various concentrations served as a template. All detections were negative if the genomic DNA of A. lumbricoides, E. granulosus, S. japonicum, A. duodenale, and S. mansoni was used as templates. In addition, the fluorescent RAA assay showed a high performance for the detection of C. sinensis-infected samples in the field, which successfully detected C. sinensis-infected human and rat fecal samples and Pseudorasbora parva samples. Conclusion A fluorescent RAA assay is successfully established, which is simple, rapid, sensitivity and specific for detection of C. sinensis.
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Objective To establish a recombinase-aided isothermal amplification (RAA) assay for detection of Cryptosporidium. Methods Based on Cryptosporidium-specific 18S rRNA selected as the target gene to be detected, and the primer sequences and fluorescent probes designed using the software Amplfix, and a fluorescent RAA assay was established and optimized. The fluorescent RAA assay was performed to detect 18S RNA target sequence-contained recombinant plasmids at various copies, genomic DNA of Cryptosporidium oocysts at various concentrations, and genomic DNA extracted from various numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts to assess the sensitivity of the assay, and to detect genomic DNA extracted from Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia lamblia cysts, Schistosoma japonicum eggs, Ascaris lumbricoides eggs, Clonorchis sinensis eggs, Salmonella and Shigella to determine the specificity of the assay. Results A fluorescent RAA assay was successfully established, which was effective to amplify the specific 18S RNA gene fragments of Cryptosporidium within 20 min at 39 ℃. The lowest limits of the fluorescent RAA assay were 102 copies/μL for detection of 18S RNA target sequence-contained recombinant plasmids at various copies, 1 pg/μL for detection of genomic DNA of Cryptosporidium oocysts at various concentrations, and one Cryptosporidium oocyst/μL for detection of genomic DNA extracted from various numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts, and the fluorescent RAA assay was all negative for detection of genomic DNA from G. lamblia cysts, S. japonicum eggs, A. lumbricoides eggs, C. sinensis eggs, Salmonella and Shigella. Conclusion A novel fluorescent RAA assay is successfully established, which is simple, rapid, sensitive and specific to detect genomic DNA of Cryptosporidium oocysts.
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OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an HPLC-MS/MS method for the measurement of 11 antipsychotics in human plasma samples for TDM(therapeutic drug monitoring) or other objectives. METHODS: Protein precipitation method with acetonitrile was used to extract the drugs in plasma. Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column(2.1 mm×50 mm, 2.7 μm)was used for chromatographic separation. The mobile phase was acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid-water with 0.1% formic acid gradiently eluted at a flow rate of 0.3 mLmin-1. The injection volume was 5 μL. The deprotonated ions of analytes were ionized by electrospray(ESI) and detected in positive ionization by multiple reaction monitoring mode(MRM). RESULTS: The total run time of the chromatographic separation and mass detection was 6 min. Excellent linear relationship with correlation coefficient of 0.99 was obtained from 2 to 200 ngmL-1 for risperidone, paliperidone and olanzapine, from 10 to 1 000 ngmL-1 for aripiprazole, quetiapine, amisulpride, clozapine, chlorpromazine and sulpride, from 0.4 to 40 ngmL-1 for haloperidol, and 0.2 to 20 ngmL-1for perphenazine, respectively. The precision and accuracy varied from 2.7% to 10.8% and from 90.7% to 102.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This established method is simple, rapid, and economic, fulfilling all criteria for TDM, and could be successfully applied in the routine TDM of antipsychotics in clinic.
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Objective To understand the current status of chronic filariasis patients in Jiangsu Province so as to provide basic data for following-up care for them. Methods The patients were followed up one by one according to history archives between June and July, 2018, and the clue investigation was also conducted. The base data of the patients was collected through a face-to-face questionnaire survey and analyzed. Results There were still 3 160 chronic filariasis patients in Jiangsu Province. Among them, the male accounted for 40.0%, and 91.8% of the patients were older adults aged 60 years or above. From the aspect of regional distribution, Suqian (24.2%), Huai’an (19.5%), Suzhou (17.3%), Xuzhou (11.2%), and Yancheng (9.8%) were the five top high prefectures. The patients with simple lymphatic inflammation or lymphadenitis, simple lymphedema or elephantiasis, simple chyluria, simple hydrocele of tunica vaginalis, and two symptoms or more accounted for 2.7%, 37.1%, 11.2%, 0.9%, and 48.1%, respectively. For the patients with lymphedema or elephantiasis, 97.8% of edema was seen in the lower limbs, and more than 90% of the edema stages were I-III. The number of current caring sites was 220, covering 2 091 patients. The average number of times of caring activities in this year was 3.2. The average cumulative time of caring activities among all the sites was 11.3 years. Conclusions The number of chronic filariasis patients has been dramatically decreased, most of the patients are old and have long disease durations. The caring sites have not covered all the patients. In order to release the symptoms and improve the life quality of the patients, all the patients should be taken care of in Jiangsu Province.
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Objective To understand the current status of chronic filariasis patients in Jiangsu Province so as to provide basic data for following-up care for them. Methods The patients were followed up one by one according to history archives between June and July, 2018, and the clue investigation was also conducted. The base data of the patients was collected through a face-to-face questionnaire survey and analyzed. Results There were still 3 160 chronic filariasis patients in Jiangsu Province. Among them, the male accounted for 40.0%, and 91.8% of the patients were older adults aged 60 years or above. From the aspect of regional distribution, Suqian (24.2%), Huai’an (19.5%), Suzhou (17.3%), Xuzhou (11.2%), and Yancheng (9.8%) were the five top high prefectures. The patients with simple lymphatic inflammation or lymphadenitis, simple lymphedema or elephantiasis, simple chyluria, simple hydrocele of tunica vaginalis, and two symptoms or more accounted for 2.7%, 37.1%, 11.2%, 0.9%, and 48.1%, respectively. For the patients with lymphedema or elephantiasis, 97.8% of edema was seen in the lower limbs, and more than 90% of the edema stages were I-III. The number of current caring sites was 220, covering 2 091 patients. The average number of times of caring activities in this year was 3.2. The average cumulative time of caring activities among all the sites was 11.3 years. Conclusions The number of chronic filariasis patients has been dramatically decreased, most of the patients are old and have long disease durations. The caring sites have not covered all the patients. In order to release the symptoms and improve the life quality of the patients, all the patients should be taken care of in Jiangsu Province.